: 26–27 He later studied under al-Juwayni, the distinguished jurist and theologian and "the most outstanding Muslim scholar of his time," in Nishapur, perhaps after a period of study in Gurgan. Al-Ghazali's contemporary and first biographer, 'Abd al-Ghafir al-Farisi, records merely that al-Ghazali began to receive instruction in fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) from Ahmad al-Radhakani, a local teacher and Abu ali Farmadi, a Naqshbandi sufi from Tus. Ī posthumous tradition, the authenticity of which has been questioned in recent scholarship, is that his father died in poverty and left the young al-Ghazali and his brother Ahmad to the care of a Sufi.
While the Seljuk dynasty's influence grew, Abu Suleiman Dawud Chaghri Beg married his daughter, Arslan Khatun Khadija to caliph Al-Qa'im in 1056. This marked the start of Seljuk influence over Caliphate. He was born in Tabaran, a town in the district of Tus, Khorasan (now part of Iran), not long after Seljuks entered Baghdad and ended Shia Buyid Amir al-umaras. He was a Muslim scholar, law specialist, rationalist, and spiritualist of Persian descent. Modern estimates place it at AH 448 (1056/7), on the basis of certain statements in al-Ghazali's correspondence and autobiography. The believed date of al-Ghazali's birth, as given by Ibn al-Jawzi, is AH 450 (1058/9). 3.3 The Revival of Religious Sciences (Ihya' Ulum al-Din).Among his other works, the Tahāfut al-Falāsifa ("Incoherence of the Philosophers") is a landmark in the history of philosophy, as it advances the critique of Aristotelian science developed later in 14th-century Europe. This belief led him to write his magnum opus entitled Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm ad-dīn (" The Revival of the Religious Sciences").
Īl-Ghazali believed that the Islamic spiritual tradition had become moribund and that the spiritual sciences taught by the first generation of Muslims had been forgotten. His works were so highly acclaimed by his contemporaries that al-Ghazali was awarded the honorific title " Proof of Islam" ( Ḥujjat al-Islām).
He is considered to be the 5th century's Mujaddid, a renewer of the faith, who, according to the prophetic hadith, appears once every 100 years to restore the faith of the Islamic Community. He is known as one of the most prominent and influential philosophers, theologians, jurists, logicians and mystics.
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